Implementation of Geneva Conventions Act, 2012
R 385
Companies Act, 1973 (Act No. 61 of 1973)Schedule 1Table B - Articles for a Private Company having a Share Capital |
Interpretation
| 1) | In these articles, unless the context otherwise indicates-- |
| a) | "the Act" means the Companies Act, 1973; and |
| b) | "foreign committee" means a committee appointed under article 65 of these articles. |
Restrictions
| 2) | The directors shall have regard to the restrictions on the commencement of business imposed by section 172 of the Act. |
| 3) | The company is a private company and accordingly- |
| a) | the right to transfer its shares is restricted; |
| b) | the number of members of the company (exclusive of persons who are in the employment of the company and of persons who having been formerly in the employment of the company were, while in such employment, and have continued since the determination of such employment, to be members of the company) is limited to fifty; |
| c) | any invitation to the public to subscribe for any shares or debentures of the company is prohibited; and |
| d) | the company shall not have power to issue share warrants to bearer. |
| 4) | Where two or more persons hold one or more shares of the company jointly they shall for the purposes of article 3 be treated as a single member. |
Shares and Certificates of Shares
| 5) | Subject to the provisions, if any, of the memorandum, and without prejudice to any special rights previously conferred on the holder of existing shares, any share may be issued with such preferred, deferred, or other special rights, or subject to such restrictions (whether in regard to dividend, voting, return of share capital or otherwise) as the company may from time to time determine, and the company may determine that any preference shares shall be issued on the condition that they are or are at the option of the company, liable to be redeemed. |
| 6) | Every person whose name is entered as a member in the register of members shall be entitled to one certificate for all the shares registered in his name, or to several certificates, each for a part of such shares. Every share certificate shall specify the number of shares in respect of which it is issued. Every original member shall be entitled to one share certificate free of charge but for every subsequent certificate the directors may make such charge as from time to time they may think fit: Provided that if a share certificate is defaced, lost or destroyed, it may be renewed on payment of such fee, if any, not exceeding twenty-five cents, and on such terms, if any, as to evidence and indemnity as the director may think fit. |
| 7) | Share certificates shall be issued under the authority of the directors, or the foreign committee when authorised thereto by resolution of the directors, in such manner and form as the directors shall from time to time prescribe. If any shares are numbered, all such shares shall be numbered in numerical progression beginning with the number one, and each share shall be distinguished by its appropriate number; and if any shares are not numbered, each share certificate in respect of such shares shall be numbered in numerical progression and each share certificate distinguished by its appropriate number and by such endorsement as may be required under section 95(2) of the Act. |
| 8) | A certificate for shares registered in the names of two or more persons shall be delivered to the person first named in the register as a holder thereof, and delivery of a certificate for a share to that person shall be a sufficient delivery to all joint holders of that share. |
Variation of Rights
| 9) | If at any time the share capital is divided into different classes of shares, the rights attached to any class (unless otherwise provided by the terms of issue of the shares of that class) may be varied with the consent in writing of the holders of three-fourths of the issued shares of that class or with the sanction of a resolution passed at a separate general meeting of the holders of the shares of the class, and the provisions of section 199 of the Act shall mutatis mutandis apply to the said resolution and meeting as if the resolution were a special resolution. To every such separate general meeting the provisions of these articles relating to general meetings shall mutatis mutandis apply but so that the necessary quorum, unless the company has only one member, shall be two persons holding or representing by proxy at least one-third of all the issued shares of the class. |
Register of Members
| 10) |
| a) | The company shall maintain at its registered office a register of members of the company as provided in section 105 of the Act. The register of members shall be open to inspection as provided in section 113 of the Act. |
| b) | The company may maintain a branch register under section 110 of the Act and the provisions of paragraph (a) shall mutatis mutandis apply to such register. |
| 11) | The directors shall have power to refuse to register the transfer of any shares without giving reasons therefor. |
Transfer and Transmission of Shares
| 12) | The instrument of transfer of any share of the company, not being a security in terms of section 134 of the Act, shall be executed both by the transferor and transferee, and the transferor shall be deemed to remain the holder of the share until the name of the transferee is entered in the register of members in respect thereof. |
| 13) | Subject to such of the restrictions as may be applicable, any member may transfer all or any of his shares by instrument in writing in any usual or common form or any other form which the directors may approve. |
| 14) | The directors may decline to recognize any instrument of transfer unless- |
| a) | a sum not exceeding twenty-five cents is paid to the company in respect thereof; |
| b) | the instrument of transfer is accompanied by the certificate of the shares to which it relates, and such other evidence as the directors may reasonably require to show the right of the transferor to make the transfer; and |
| c) | the share transfer duty thereon has been paid. |
| 15) | Every instrument of transfer shall be left at a transfer office of the company at which it is presented for registration, accompanied by a certificate of the shares to be transferred. Every power of attorney given by a shareholder authorising the transfer of shares, shall, when lodged, produced or exhibited to the company or any of its proper officers, be deemed as between the company and the donor of the power to continue and remain in full force and effect, and the company may allow that power to be acted upon until such time as express notice in writing of its revocation has been lodged at such of the company's transfer offices as the power was lodged, produced, or exhibited as aforesaid. The company shall not be bound to allow the exercise of any act or matter by an agent for a shareholder unless a duly certified copy of that agent's authority be produced and lodged with the company. |
| 16) | The executor of the estate of a deceased sole holder of a share shall be the only person recognised by the company as having any title to the share. In the case of a share registered in the names of two or more holders, the survivors or survivor, or the executor of the deceased survivor shall be the only persons recognised by the company as having any title to the share. |
| 17) | Any person becoming entitled to a share in consequence of the death or insolvency of a member shall, upon such evidence being produced as may from time to time be required by the directors, have the right, either to be registered as a member in respect of the share or instead of being registered himself. to make such transfer of the share as the deceased or insolvent could have made, but the directors shall. in either case, have the same right to decline or suspend registration as they would have had in the case of a transfer of the share by the deceased or insolvent before the death or insolvency. |
| 18) | The parent or guardian of a minor and the curator bonis of a lunatic member and any person becoming entitled to shares in consequence of the death or insolvency of any member or the marriage of any female member or by any lawful means other than by transfer in accordance with these articles, may, upon producing such evidence as sustains the character in which he proposes to act under this article, or of his title, as the directors think sufficient, transfer those shares to himself or any other person, subject to the articles as to transfer hereinbefore contained. |
This article is hereinafter referred to as the "transmission clause".
| 19) | A person becoming entitled to a share by reason of the death or insolvency of the holder shall be entitled to the same dividends and other advantages to which he would be entitled if he were the registered holder of the share, except that he shall not, before being registered as a member in respect of the share, be entitled in respect of it to exercise any right conferred by membership in relation to meetings of the company. |
| 20) | Any person who submits proof of his appointment as the executor, administrator, trustee, curator or guardian in respect of the estate of a deceased member of the company, or of a member whose estate has been sequestrated or of a member who is otherwise under a disability or as the liquidator of any body corporate which is a member of the company, shall be entered in the register of members of the company nomine officii, and shall thereafter, for all purposes, be deemed to be a member of the company. |
| 21) | If a member of the company desires to sell all or any of his shares of the company he shall give notice, in writing, of his intention to sell, to the directors of the company, and state the price he requires for the shares. |
| 22) | The directors shall within one month of the date of receipt of the notice referred to in article 21 advise every other member of the company of the contents thereof and each such member shall be entitled to acquire the shares so offered within one month after the date of the receipt of such advice: Provided that if more than one member makes an offer for all of the shares so offered, the shares shall be sold to each such member in equal proportions, and where fractional proportions of shares remain, such members shall become joint holders of such fractional proportions of the shares. |
| 23) | If the members of the company are unable to agree upon the selling price of the shares. the auditor of the company may be requested to determine the true and fair value thereof and the members shall accept that value as the selling price of the shares. |
| 24) | If none of the members of the company offers to purchase the shares within the time referred to in article 22, or if members of the company offer to purchase a part of the shares so offered, the member who is offering the shares for sale may offer the shares or the remaining portion of the shares which have not been purchased by members of the company, for sale to any other person and, notwithstanding the provisions of article 11, the directors shall approve the registration of the shares in the name of that person unless they have good reason to refuse such registration. |
Conversion of Shares into Stock
| 25) | The company may by special resolution convert all or any of its paid-up shares into stock, and reconvert such stock into any number of paid-up shares. |
| 26) | The holders of stock may transfer the same, or any part thereof, in the same manner, and subject to the same articles as the shares from which the stock arose might prior to conversion have been transferred, or as near thereto as circumstances permit, but the directors may from time to time fix the minimum amount of stock transferable, and restrict or forbid the transfer of fractions of such minimum, but the minimum shall not exceed the nominal amount, in the case of shares of par value, or the issue price in the case of shares of no par value, of the shares from which the stock arose. |
| 27) | The holders of stock shall, according to the amount of the stock held by them, have the same rights, privileges, and advantages as regards dividends, voting at meetings of the company and other matters as if they held the shares from which the stock arose, but no such privilege or advantage (except participation in the dividends and profits of the company) shall be conferred by any such aliquot part of stock as would not, if existing in shares, have conferred that privilege or advantage. |
| 28) | Such of the articles of the company as are applicable to shares shall apply to stock, and the word "share" and "shareholder" therein shall include "stock" and "stock-holder". |
Alteration of Capital
| 29) |
| a) | The company may from time to time by special resolution increase the share capital by such sum divided into shares of such amount, or may increase the number of its shares of no par value to such number, as the resolution shall prescribe. |
| b) | The company may increase its share capital constituted by shares of no par value by transferring reserves or profits to the stated capital, with or without a distribution of shares. |
| c) | New shares shall be subject to the same provisions as to transfer, transmission and otherwise as the shares in the original capital. |
| 30) | The company may, by special resolution- |
| a) | consolidate and divide all or any of its share capital into shares of larger amount than its existing shares or consolidate and reduce the number of the issued shares of no par value; |
| b) | increase the number of its issued no par value shares without an increase of its stated capital; |
| c) | sub-divide its existing shares or any of them into shares of smaller amount than is fixed by its memorandum; |
| d) | convert all of its ordinary or preference share capital consisting of shares having a par value into stated capital constituted by shares of no par value; |
| e) | convert its stated capital constituted either by ordinary or preference shares of no par value into share capital consisting of shares having a par value; |
| f) | cancel any shares which, at the date of the passing of the resolution, have not been taken by any person, or which no person has agreed to take; |
| g) | reduce its share capital, stated capital, any capital redemption fund or any share premium account in any manner and with, and subject to, any incident authorised, and consent required, by law; |
| h) | subject to the provisions of section 99 of the Act, convert its issued preference shares into shares which can be redeemed. |
General Meetings
| 31) | The company shall hold its first annual general meeting within eighteen months after the date of its incorporation and shall thereafter in each year hold an annual general meeting: Provided that not more than fifteen months shall elapse between the date of one annual general meeting and that of the next and that an annual general meeting shall be held within six months after the expiration of the financial year of the company. |
| 32) | Other general meetings of the company may be held at any time. |
| 33) | Annual general meetings and other general meetings shall be held at such time and place as the directors shall appoint or at such time and place as is determined if the meetings are convened under section 179(4), 181, 182 or 183 of the Act. |
Notice of General Meetings
| 34) | An annual general meeting and a meeting called for the passing of a special resolution shall be called by not less than twenty-one clear days' notice in writing and any other general meeting shall be called by not less than fourteen clear days' notice in writing. The notice shall be exclusive of the day on which it is served or deemed to be served and of the day for which it is given, and shall specify the place, the day and the hour of the meeting and shall be given in manner hereinafter mentioned or in such other manner, if any, as may be prescribed by the company in general meeting, to such persons as are, under these articles, entitled to receive such notices from the company: Provided that a meeting of the company shall, notwithstanding the fact that it is called by shorter notice than that specified in this article, be deemed to have been duly called if it is so agreed by a majority in number of the members having a right to attend and vote at the meeting, being a majority holding not less than ninety-five per cent of the total voting rights of all the members. |
Proceedings at General Meetings
| 35) | The annual general meeting shall deal with and dispose of all matters prescribed by the Act, including the sanctioning of a dividend, the consideration of the annual financial statements, the election of directors and the appointment of an auditor, and may deal with any other business laid before it. All business laid before any other general meeting shall be considered special business. |
| 36) | No business shall be transacted at any general meeting unless a quorum of members is present at the time when the meeting proceeds to business. Save as herein otherwise provided, two members present in person or by proxy, or if the company has one member, such member present in person or by proxy, or if the company is a wholly owned subsidiary, the nominee of the holding company in person or by proxy, shall be a quorum. |
| 37) | If within half an hour after the time appointed for the meeting a quorum is not present, the meeting, if convened upon the requisition of members, shall be dissolved; in any other case it shall stand adjourned to a day not earlier than seven days and not later than twenty-one days after the date of the meeting and if at such adjourned meeting a quorum is not present within half an hour after the time appointed for the meeting the members present in person or by proxy, shall be a quorum. |
| 38) | Where a meeting has been adjourned as aforesaid, the company shall, upon a date not later than three days after the adjournment send a written notice to each member of the company stating- |
| a) | the date, time and place to which the meeting has been adjourned; |
| b) | the matter before the meeting when it was adjourned; and |
| c) | the ground for the adjournment. |
| 39) | The chairman, if any, of the board of directors shall preside as chairman at every general meeting of the company. |
| 40) | If there is no such chairman, or if at any meeting he is not present within fifteen minutes after the time appointed for holding the meeting or is unwilling to act as chairman, the members present shall elect one of their number to be chairman. |
| 41) | The chairman may, with the consent of any meeting at which a quorum is present (and shall if so directed by the meeting), adjourn the meeting from time to time and from place to place, but no business shall be transacted at any adjourned meeting other than the business left unfinished at the meeting at which the adjournment took place. When a meeting is adjourned, the provisions of articles 37 and 38 shall mutatis mutandis apply to such adjournment. |
| 42) | At any general meeting a resolution put to the vote of the meeting shall be decided on a show of hands, unless a poll is (before or on the declaration of the result of the show of hands) demanded by the chairman or members referred to in section 198 (1) (b) of the Act, and unless a poll is so demanded, a declaration by the chairman that a resolution has, on a show of hands, been carried or carried unanimously or by a particular majority or negatived, and an entry to that effect in the book containing the minutes of the proceedings of the company, shall be conclusive evidence of the fact, without proof of the number or proportion of the votes recorded in favour of or against such resolution. The demand for a poll may be withdrawn. |
| 43) | If a poll is duly demanded it shall be taken in such manner as the chairman directs, and the result of the poll shall be deemed to be the resolution of the meeting at which the poll was demanded. Scrutineers shall be elected to determine the result of the poll. |
| 44) | In the case of an equality of votes, whether on a show of hands or on a poll, the chairman of the meeting at which the show of hands takes place, or at which the poll is demanded, shall be entitled to a second or casting vote. |
| 45) | A poll demanded on the election of a chairman or on a question of adjournment, shall be taken forthwith. A poll demanded on any other question shall be taken at such time as the chairman of the meeting directs. The demand for a poll shall not prevent the continuation of a meeting for the transaction of any business other than the question upon which the poll has been demanded. |
Inspection of Minutes
| 46) | The minutes kept of every general meeting and annual general meeting of the company under section 204 of the Act, may be inspected and copied as provided in section 113 of the Act. |
Votes of Members
| 47) | Subject to any rights or restrictions for the time being attached to any class or classes of shares, on a show of hands every member present in person and if a member is a body corporate, its representative, shall have one vote, and on a poll every member present in person or by proxy shall be entitled to exercise the voting rights determined by section 195 of the Act. |
| 48) | In the case of joint holders the vote of the person whose name appears first in the register of members and who tenders a vote, whether in person or by proxy, shall be accepted to the exclusion of the votes of the other joint holders. |
| 49) | The parent or guardian of a minor, and the curator bonis of a lunatic member, and also any person entitled under the transmission clause to transfer any shares, may vote at any general meeting in respect thereof in the same manner as if he were the registered holder of those shares: provided that forty-eight hours at least before the time of holding the meeting at which he proposes to vote he shall satisfy the directors that he is such parent, guardian or curator or that he is entitled under the transmission clause to transfer those shares, or that the directors have previously admitted his right to vote in respect of those shares. Co-executors of a deceased member in whose name shares stand in the register shall, for the purposes of this article, be deemed to be joint holders of those shares. |
| 50) | On a poll, votes may be given either personally or by proxy. |
Proxies
| 51) | The instrument appointing a proxy shall be in writing under the hand of the appointer or of his agent duly authorised in writing. or, if the appointer is a body corporate, under the hand of an officer or agent authorised by the body corporate. A proxy need not be a member of the company. The holder of a general or special power of attorney, whether he is himself a member or not, given by a shareholder shall be entitled to attend meetings and to vote, if duly authorised under that power to attend and take part in the meetings. |
| 52) | The instrument appointing a proxy and the power of attorney or other authority, if any, under which it is signed or a notarially certified copy of such power or authority shall be deposited at the registered office of the company not less than forty-eight hours before the time for holding the meeting at which the person named in the instrument proposes to vote, and in default of complying herewith the instrument of proxy shall not be treated as valid. No instrument appointing a proxy shall be valid after the expiration of six months from the date when it was signed, unless so specifically stated in the proxy itself, and no proxy shall be used at an adjourned meeting which could not have been used at the original meeting. |
| 53) | The instrument appointing a proxy shall be in the following form or as near thereto as circumstances permit: |
Directors
| 54) | The number of the directors shall not be less than one and the names of the first directors may be determined in writing by a majority of the subscribers of the memorandum. Until directors are appointed, whether or not the directors have been named by a majority of subscribers of the memorandum, every subscriber of the memorandum shall be deemed for all purposes to be a director of the company. |
| 55) | The remuneration of the directors shall from time to time be determined by the company in general meeting. |
| 56) | If any director be called upon to perform extra services or to make any special exertions in going or residing abroad, or otherwise, for any of the purposes of the company, the company may remunerate that director either by a fixed sum or by a percentage of profits or otherwise as may be determined, and such remuneration may be either in addition to, or in substitution for, the remuneration determined under article 55. |
| 57) | The shareholding qualification of a director shall be the holding of at least one share in the company, and it shall be his duty to comply with the provisions of section 213 of the Act, except where the company is a wholly owned subsidiary when a director shall not be required to hold a share of the company. |
Alternate Directors
| 58) | Each director shall have the power to nominate any person whether a member of the company or not possessing the necessary qualifications of a director, to act as alternate director in his place during his absence or inability to act as such director, provided that the appointment of an alternate director shall be approved by the board, and on such appointment being made, the alternate director shall, in all respects, be subject to the terms, qualifications, and conditions existing with reference to the other directors of the company. |
| 59) | The alternate directors, whilst acting in the stead of the directors who appointed them, shall exercise and discharge all the powers, duties and functions of the directors they represent. The appointment of an alternate director shall be revoked, and the alternate director shall cease to hold office, whenever the director who appointed him ceases to be a director or gives notice to the secretary of the company that the alternate director representing him has ceased to do so, and in the event of the disqualification or resignation of any alternate director during the absence or inability to act of the director whom he represents, the vacancy so arising shall be filled by the chairman of the directors who shall nominate a person to fill such vacancy, subject to the approval of the board. |
Powers and Duties of Directors
| 60) | The business of the company shall be managed by the directors who may pay all expenses incurred in promoting and incorporating the company, and may exercise all such powers of the company as are not by the Act, or by these articles, required to be exercised by the company in general meeting, subject to these articles, to the provisions of the Act, and to such regulations, not inconsistent with the aforesaid articles or provisions, as may be prescribed by the company in general meeting, but no regulation prescribed by the company in general meeting shall invalidate any prior act of the directors which would have been valid if such regulation had not been made. |
Borrowing Powers
| 61) | The directors may exercise all the powers of the company to borrow money and to mortgage or bind its undertaking and property or any part thereof, and to issue debentures, debenture stock and other securities whether outright or as security for any debt, liability or obligation of the company or of any third party: Provided that the amount for the time being remaining undischarged in respect of moneys borrowed or secured by the directors as aforesaid (apart from temporary loans obtained from the company's bankers in the ordinary course of business) shall not at any time, without the prior sanction of the company in general meeting, exceed one-half of the amount of the issued share capital plus the amount of the share premium account (if any), or of the stated capital. |
Managing Director
| 62) | The directors may from time to time appoint one or more of their body to the office of managing director or manager for such term and at such remuneration (whether by way of salary or commission or participation in profits or partly in one way and partly in another) as they may think and may revoke such appointment subject to the terms of any agreement entered into in any particular case. A director so appointed shall not, while holding such office, be subject to retirement by rotation, or be taken into account in determining the rotation of retirement of directors, but his appointment shall determine if he ceases for any reason to be a director. |
| 63) | The directors may from time to time entrust to or confer upon a managing director or manager, for the time being, such of the powers and authorities vested in them as they may think fit, and may confer such powers and authorities for such time and to be exercised for such objects and purposes and upon such terms and conditions and with such restrictions as they may think expedient, and they may confer such powers and authorities either collaterally or to the exclusion of, or in substitution for, all or any of the powers and authorities of the directors and may from time to time revoke or vary all or any of such powers and authorities. |
Minutes and Minute Books
| 64) | The directors shall, in terms of section 204 of the Act, cause minutes to be kept- |
| a) | of all appointments of officers; |
| b) | of names of directors present at every meeting of the company and of the directors; and |
| c) | of all proceedings at all meetings of the company and of the directors. |
Such minutes shall be signed by the chairman of the meeting at which the proceedings took place or by the chairman of the next succeeding meeting.
Foreign Committees
| 65) | The directors may from time to time appoint persons resident in a foreign country to be a foreign committee for the company in that country with such powers and duties as the directors may from time to time determine. The directors may from time to time establish branch registers of members and transfer offices in foreign countries, close them at any time and may appoint and remove agents for any purposes in any foreign country. |
Disqualification of Directors
| 66) | The office of director shall be vacated if the director- |
| a) | ceases to be a director or becomes prohibited from being a director by virtue of any provision of the Act; or |
| b) | without the consent of the company in general meeting holds any other office or profit under the company except that of managing director or manager; or |
| c) | resigns his office by notice in writing to the company and the Registrar; or |
| d) | for more than six months is absent without permission of the directors from meetings or directors held during that period; or |
| e) | is directly or indirectly interested in any contract or proposed contract with the company and fails to declare his interest and the nature thereof in the manner required by the Act. |
Rotation of Directors
| 67) | The company in general meeting may from time to time determine the number of directors, their terms of office and the manner of their retirement. An annual general meeting or other general meeting of the company may fill any vacancy and a retiring director shall be eligible for re-election. |
| 68) | If at any meeting at which an election of directors ought to take place the offices of the retiring directors are not filled, unless it is expressly resolved not to fill such vacancies, the meeting shall stand adjourned and the provisions of articles 37 and 38 shall apply mutatis mutandis to such adjournment, and if at such adjourned meeting the vacancies are not filled, the retiring directors or such of them as have not had their offices filled shall be deemed to have been re-elected at such adjourned meeting unless a resolution for the re-election of any such director shall have been put to the meeting and negatived. |
| 69) | The company may from time to time in general meeting increase or reduce the number of directors. and may also determine in what rotation such increased or reduced number is to retire from office. |
| 70) | Unless the shareholders otherwise determine in general meeting any casual vacancy occurring on the board of directors may be filled by the directors, but the director so appointed shall be subject to retirement at the same time as if he had become a director on the day on which the director in whose stead he is appointed was last elected a director. |
| 71) | The directors shall have power at any time, and from time to time, to appoint a person as an additional director but so that the total number of directors shall not at any time exceed the number fixed according to these articles, and such director shall retire from office at the next following annual general meeting and shall then be eligible for re-election, but shall not be taken into account in determining which directors are to retire by rotation at such meeting. |
| 72) | [Deleted by Proclamation No. R.263 of 1977.] |
Proceedings of Directors
| 73) | The directors may meet together for the despatch of business, adjourn and otherwise regulate their meetings as they think fit. Questions arising at any meeting shall be decided by a majority of votes. In the event of an equality of votes, the chairman shall have a second or casting vote. A director may, and the secretary on the requisition of a director shall, at any time convene a meeting of the directors. |
| 74) | Subject to the provisions of sections 234 to 241 inclusive of the Act, a director shall not vote in respect of any contract or proposed contract with the company in which he is interested, or any matter arising therefrom. and if he does so vote his vote shall not be counted: Provided that this article shall not apply where the company has only one director. |
| 75) | The quorum necessary for the transaction of the business of the directors, unless there is only one director, may be fixed by the directors, and unless so fixed shall, when the number of directors exceeds three, be three and when the number of directors does not exceed three, shall be two. |
| 76) | Subject to the provisions of the Act, a resolution in writing signed by all the directors, shall be as valid and effectual as if it had been passed at a meeting of the directors duly convened and held. |
| 77) | The continuing directors may act notwithstanding any vacancy on their body, but, if and so long as their number is reduced below the number fixed by or pursuant to these article; as the necessary quorum of directors, the continuing directors may act for the purpose of increasing the number of directors to that number, or of convening a general meeting of the company, but for no other purpose. |
| 78) | The directors may elect a chairman of their meetings and determine the period for which he is to hold office, but if no such chairman is elected, or if at any meeting the chairman is not present within five minutes after the time appointed for holding the same, the directors present may elect one of their number to be chairman of the meeting. |
| 79) | The directors may delegate any of their powers to committees consisting of such member or members of their body as they think fit. Any committee so formed shall, in the exercise of the powers so delegated, conform to any rules that may be imposed on it by the directors. |
| 80) | A committee may elect a chairman of its meetings. If no such chairman is elected, or if at any meeting the chairman is not present within five minutes after the time appointed for holding the same, the members present may elect one of their number to be chairman of the meeting. |
| 81) | A committee may meet and adjourn as it thinks fit. Questions arising at any meeting shall be determined by a majority of votes of the members present, and in the event of an equality of votes the chairman shall have a second or casting vote. |
| 82) | All acts done by any meeting of the directors or a committee of directors or by any person acting as a director shall. notwithstanding that it be afterwards discovered that there was some defect in the appointment of any such directors or person acting as aforesaid or that they or any of them were disqualified, be as valid as if every such person had been duly appointed and were qualified to be a director. |
Dividends and Reserves
| 83) | The company in annual general meeting may declare dividends but no dividend shall exceed the amount recommended by the directors. |
| 84) | The directors may from time to time pay to the members such interim dividends as appear to the directors to be justified by the profits of the company. |
| 85) | No dividend shall be paid otherwise than out of profits or bear interest against the company. |
| 86) | The directors may, before recommending any dividend, set aside out of the profits of the company such sums as they think fit as a reserve or reserves, which shall, at the discretion of the directors, be applicable for any purpose to which the profits of the company may be properly applied and, pending such application may, at the like discretion, either be employed in the business of the company or be invested in such investments (other than shares of the company) as the directors may from time to time think fit. The directors may also without placing the same to reserve carry forward any profits which they may think prudent not to divide. |
| 87) | Notice of any dividend that may have been declared shall be given in the manner hereinafter provided to the persons entitled to share therein. |
| 88) | Every dividend or other moneys payable in cash in respect of shares may be paid by cheque, warrant, coupon or otherwise as the directors may from time to time determine, and shall, if paid otherwise than by coupon, either be sent by post to the registered address of the member entitled thereto or be given to him personally, and the receipt or endorsement on the cheque or warrant of the person whose name appears in the register as the shareholder, or his duly authorised agent, or the surrender of any coupon shall be a good discharge to the company in respect thereof. Any one of two or more joint holders may give effectual receipts for any dividends or other moneys payable in respect of the shares held by them as joint holders. |
| 89) | The company shall not be responsible for the loss in transmission of any cheque, warrant, coupon, or other document sent through the post to the registered address of any member, whether or not it was so sent at his request. |
Accounting Records
| 90) | The directors shall cause such accounting records as are prescribed by section 284 of the Act to be kept. Proper accounting records shall not be deemed to be kept if there are not kept such accounting records as are necessary fairly to present the state of affairs and business of the company and to explain the transactions and financial position of the trade or business of the company. |
| 91) | The accounting records shall be kept at the registered office of the company or at such other place or places as the directors think fit, and shall always be open to inspection by the directors. |
| 92) | The directors shall from time to time determine whether and to what extent and at what times and places and under what conditions or regulations the accounting records of the company or any of them shall be open to inspection by members not being directors, and no member (not being a director) shall have any right of inspecting any accounting records or document of the company except as conferred by the Act or authorised by the directors or by the company in general meeting. |
Annual Financial Statements
| 93) | The directors shall from time to time, in accordance with sections 286 and 288 of the Act, cause to be prepared and laid before the company in general meeting such annual financial statements, group annual financial statements and group reports (if any) as are referred to in those sections. |
| 94) | A copy of any annual financial statements, group annual financial statements and group reports which are to be laid before the company in annual general meeting, shall not less than twenty-one days before the date of the meeting be sent to every member of, and every holder of debentures of, the company, and if the company is a controlled company, also to the Registrar: Provided that this article shall not require a copy of those documents to be sent to any person of whose address the company is not aware or to more than one of the joint holders of any shares or debentures. |
Audit
| 95) | An auditor shall be appointed in accordance with Chapter X of the Act. |
Notices
| 96) | A notice may be given by the company to any member either by advertisement or personally, or by sending it by post in a prepaid letter addressed to such member at his registered address or (if he has no registered address in the Republic) at the address (if any) within the Republic supplied by him to the company for the giving of notices to him. |
| 97) | Whenever a notice is to be given personally or sent by post, the notice may be given by the company to the joint holders of a share by giving the notice to the joint holder named first in the register in respect of the share. |
| 98) | Whenever a notice is to be given personally or sent by post, the notice may be given by the company to the persons entitled to a share in consequence of the death or insolvency of a member, or by sending it through the post in a prepaid letter addressed to them by name, or by the title of representatives of the deceased, or trustees of the insolvent or by any like description, at the address (if any) in the Republic supplied for the purpose by the persons claiming to be so entitled, or (until such address has been so supplied) by giving the notice in any manner in which the same might have been given if the death or insolvency had not occurred. |
| 99) | Notice of every general meeting shall be given in any manner authorised- |
| a) | to every member of the company except, in the case of notices to be given personally or sent by post, those members who (having no registered address within the Republic) have not supplied to the company an address within the Republic for the giving of notices to them; |
| b) | to every person entitled to a share in consequence of the death or insolvency of a member who, but for his death or insolvency, would have been entitled to receive notice of the meeting; and |
| c) | to the auditor for the time being of the company. |
No other person shall be entitled to receive notice of general meetings.
| 100) | Any notice by post shall be deemed to have been served at the time when the letter containing the same was posted, and in proving the giving of the notice by post, it shall be sufficient to prove that the letter containing the notice was properly addressed and posted. |
| 101) | A notice given to any member shall be binding on all persons claiming on his death or on any transmission of his interests. |
| 102) | The signature to any notice given by the company may be written or printed, or partly written and partly printed. |
| 103) | When a given number of days' notice or notice extending over any other period is required to be given, the day of service shall not be counted in such number of days or period. |
| 104) | If the company has a seal, it shall not be affixed to any instrument except by the authority of a resolution of the directors, and shall be affixed in the manner and subject to such safeguards as the directors may from time to time determine. |
Winding-up
| 105) | If the company be wound up, the assets remaining after payment of the debts and liabilities of the company and the costs of the liquidation shall be applied as follows: |
| a) | to repay to the members the amounts paid up on the shares respectively held by each of them; and |
| b) | the balance (if any) shall be distributed among the members in proportion to the number of shares respectively held by each of them: |
Provided that the provisions of this article shall be subject to the rights of the holders of shares (if any) issued upon special conditions.
| 106) | In a winding-up, any part of the assets of the company, including any shares or securities of other companies may, with the sanction of a special resolution of the company, be paid to the members of the company in specie, or may, with the same sanction, be vested in trustees for the benefit of such members, and the liquidation of the company may be closed and the company dissolved. |
